Gestational Diabetes: Everything You Need to Know
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Chapters
0:09 Introduction
1:07 Causes of Gestational Diabetes
2:49 Diagnosis and treatment
4:07 Treatment
Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy.[2] Gestational diabetes generally results in few symptoms;[2] however, it does increase the risk of pre-eclampsia, depression, and requiring a Caesarean section.[2] Babies born to mothers with poorly treated gestational diabetes are at increased risk of being too large, having low blood sugar after birth, and jaundice.[2] If untreated, it can also result in a stillbirth.[2] Long term, children are at higher risk of being overweight and developing type 2 diabetes.[2]
Gestational diabetes can occur during pregnancy because of insulin resistance or reduced production of insulin.[2] Risk factors include being overweight, previously having gestational diabetes, a family history of type 2 diabetes, and having polycystic ovarian syndrome.[2] Diagnosis is by blood tests.[2] For those at normal risk, screening is recommended between 24 and 28 weeks’ gestation.[2][3] For those at high risk, testing may occur at the first prenatal visit.[2]
Prevention is by maintaining a healthy weight and exercising before pregnancy.[2] Gestational diabetes is treated with a diabetic diet, exercise, medication (such as metformin), and possibly insulin injections.[2] Most women are able to manage their blood sugar with diet and exercise.[3] Blood sugar testing among those who are affected is often recommended four times a day.[3] Breastfeeding is recommended as soon as possible after birth.[2]
Gestational diabetes affects 3–9% of pregnancies, depending on the population studied.[3] It is especially common during the last three months of pregnancy.[2] It affects 1% of those under the age of 20 and 13% of those over the age of 44.[3] A number of ethnic groups including Asians, American Indians, Indigenous Australians, and Pacific Islanders are at higher risk.[3][2] In 90% of cases, gestational diabetes will resolve after the baby is born.[2] Women, however, are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.[3]
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Now diabetes and pregnancy. So many people actually think that you know when you are diabetic you won’t be able to conceive and that mindset is there in men and women both. Let’s take it one by one what happens with diabetes in men and what happens in diabetes with women. So diabetes as we all know it is a metabolic disorder it’s a glucose abnormality usually what happens is with diabetes being present usually it is associated with obesity. So obesity with diabetes in men are known to have some amount of detrimental factors, detrimental to sperm. So it increases the DNA fragmentation in the sperm thereby decreasing the ability of the sperm to fertilize the egg. So this is the most important aspect of this. This happened only if the sugar levels that is the diabetic status is not well controlled. If it is well controlled this status and the semen abnormalities will not be present and they won’t have much effect in their fertility profile. So having diabetes is not wrong. But taking care of it and then maintaining it at the proper level is very important. Now what happens to women. If there is a predispostion to diabetes or if there is diabetes which is detected earlier to pregnancy diabetes has to be controlled. Your HbA1c level has to be less than 6%. If the HbA1c levels are within control only then miscarriages that is abortion rate will be reduced, abnormality rates ,that is baby being born with nervous system abnormalities or renal, kidney system abnormalities or heart abnormalities the chances of baby being abnormal also gets reduced. The more uncontrolled your diabetes will be the more chances of miscarriages and more chances of baby being born as abnormal would be high especially in a uncontrolled diabetic mother . This is about the abnormalities. What happens as pregnancy advances and the pregnancy advances? There is something called fluid around the baby. The fluid might increase so we call it as polyhydramnias. The most important aspect of diabetes during pregnancy would be a risk of intrauterine death. If there is no control of diabetes there should not be any glucose fluctuations. So whenever this happens baby won’t be able to tolerate the stress and there will be more chances of intrauterine death in such pregnancies. Having diabetes is not bad is not wrong but this is something which can be controlled easily with your diet with medications and with the presence of good diabetologist around and insulin. So these are the saviors so that you know you can sail to the pregnancy easily.
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