Get the key facts about the concept of therapeutic index and what it means if a medication has a high or low therapeutic index. Learn about the half-life and the mode of action of medications. We’ll cover agonists, antagonists, and agonist-antagonists (or partial agonists).

Cathy Parkes BSN, RN, CWCN, PHN covers Therapeutic Index, Half-life, Medication Mode of Action. The Pharmacology Basics video tutorial series is intended to help RN and PN nursing students study for your nursing school exams, including the ATI, HESI and NCLEX.

#NCLEX #HESI #Kaplan #ATI #NursingSchool #NursingStudent⁠ #Nurse #RN #PN #Education #LVN #LPN #Pharmacology #Basics #Medications
0:00 What to Expect
0:25 Therapeutic Index
1:15 High TI
1:52 Low TI
2:03 Half-life
2:29 Mode of Action
2:37 Agonists
2:52 Antagonists
3:47 Quiz Time!

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Understanding half life is important to inform how and when we administer any medication. These are not casual viewing, but are for serious students who want to understand the essential underpinning concepts of the care we give our patients.

Notes
Half life t 1/2

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Bioavailability – the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in unchanged form

Half life is the time from peak plasma concentration until half is eliminated

Clearance

T ½ First order kinetics
First order elimination kinetics : “Elimination of a constant fraction per time unit of the drug quantity present. The elimination is proportional to the drug concentration.”

Zero-order elimination kinetics : The plasma concentration – time profile during the elimination phase is linear (Fig. 1). For example 20 mg are eliminated every hour, independently of the drug concentration in the body. Order 0 elimination is rather less common, mostly occurring when the elimination system is saturated. Eg.
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Heparin
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
Over dose of aspirin (normally t ½ = 3-4 hours)

Steady state reached after 5 – 6 half lives (3.3 half lives for 90% concentrations), therefore possible loading dose.

Drug eliminated after 5 half lives (95% eliminated after 4.5 half lives)

Half life t ½ of common drugs

Noradrenaline 2 minutes
Salbutamol 1.6 hours
Morphine 2 – 3 hours
Methadone 24 hours
Gentamycin 2 – 3 hours
Penicillin 6 – 8 hours
Diazepam 24 hours
Fluoxetine 6 days
Warfarin 4 days

You’re halfway through! This video explains the concept of clearance and half life. It is recommended that you watch this video before you watch the ones on metabolism and excretion.

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In this video Dr. Kendall Wyatt reviews the highest yield points for diabetes medications supplemented with Picmonic characters!

We’re covering all of the meds you need to know for diabetes!

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Topics covered include: basic pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 1 & type 2, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, insulin production, pancreatic beta & alpha cells, glycogen, glucagon, glucose function. Mechanism of action of antidiabetic drugs; rapid, short, intermediate, long -acting insulin analogs, synthetic amylin, incretin mimetics, DPP-4 inhibitors, sulfonylureas, glinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Drugs mentioned include insulins Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine, Regular, NPH (isophane), Detemir, Glargine, Degludec; Pramlintide; Exenatide, Liraglutide; Alogliptin, Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin; Glimepiride, Glyburide, Glipizide; Nateglinide, Repaglinide; Metformin; Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone; Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin; Acarbose, Miglitol.
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To learn more visit: http://www.AnimatedDiabetesPatient.com
Experts provide simple, understandable explanations about the different oral medications that are available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. They discuss the major classes of drugs and modes of action.
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